Chess history
Soviet champions, scoring rules, festivals and long forced mates, each tied to named sources.
From chess history articles on the people, rules and festivals that shaped the game, to pieces on the machines that learned to play it and the slow craft of playing by mail, these chess articles cover three corners of chess.
Soviet champions, scoring rules, festivals and long forced mates, each tied to named sources.
Dedicated chess computers, opening books, engines and endgame tablebases explained.
How games by post, email and server work, who sets the rules and how to begin.
The chess history articles on this site start with people and rules. Mikhail Botvinnik and the politics around the Soviet school, the Latvian master Israel Zilber, David Levy and his ten-year bet against computer programs, the Mind Sports Olympiad and the Ballard anti-draw scoring system each get a page, and every claim on those pages is tied to a named source. A good piece of chess history keeps documented facts apart from stories that were only repeated for decades, and says which is which.
Where the sources disagree, the article says so. A date given in one reference and a different date in another appear side by side with their origins, and a detail that no reference confirms is left out. Grandmasters who wrote about their own games are read next to the people who analysed those games later, so a reader can see where the accounts agree and where they part ways.
Computer chess is covered from two ends. One end is the hardware that reached living rooms in the late 1970s, such as the Fidelity Chess Challenger, with model lists by year and pointers to where the manuals are held. The other is the software side: how an opening book is stored, what a tablebase knows about endgames, and why a file with the extension .ctg is an opening book and not a game.
These computer chess articles explain terms in plain language and link each one to a short glossary entry. Handheld chess computers are described by what they are and how they differ, not ranked by tests that were never run, and a figure without a source is left out.
Correspondence chess means games played over days or weeks, once by post and now mostly by email or a game server. The correspondence chess guide covers the basics: how a game is organised, what the usual time allowances look like, how the governing body sets its rules and what a newcomer needs to join an event.
Rules differ between organisers, especially on which tools are allowed during a game, so the guide names the rule set it describes instead of speaking for all of them.
Every one of these chess articles ends with the list of sources it was written from, and names the edition or page when a book or a rulebook is cited. Model names, dates and rule details come from primary documents where they exist. When only secondary sources could be found, the article says so in the text.
Three kinds: history pieces about players, rules and events; computer chess articles on dedicated chess computers, engines, opening books, tablebases and file formats; and correspondence chess guides. Short glossary entries sit alongside them.
A CTG file is an opening book in the format used by ChessBase programs. It stores positions and move statistics instead of full games and belongs to a set with companion .ctb and .cto files. The computer chess section explains what each file holds and which software reads them.
Collectors and museums keep scans of manuals for many Fidelity models. The page on the Chess Challenger names the archives that hold them and lists the models with the year each source gives.
Moves are sent hours or days apart, so there is no clock pressure inside a single move. Which research tools are allowed depends on the rules of the organiser running the event.
BAP is a scoring scheme for tournaments in which a draw with White earns nothing and a win with Black is worth more than a win with White. The article on BAP sets out the points table and compares it with other anti-draw measures.